“The sky’s the limit”……

It’s a wonderful motivating phrase.  It suggests that anything is possible; that there are no limits.  To infinity and beyond and all that….   As I’ve discussed already in Differentiation and Challenge and Journeys, the straight-jacket of one-size-fits-all learning activities is deadly.  In Great Lessons, it should be our default-setting to think BIG and allow for individuals to take different paths.  BUT in the context of routine teaching in a regular classroom, these wishful platitudes don’t get you very far.  There’s a lot more to it.

I’m a huge advocate of giving students choices; of making the learning open-ended as far as possible, creating an environment where it is safe to take risks.  This is the essence of teaching for creativity and innovation.  However, open-ended tasks and free choice can actually be bewildering. Choosing can be hard – and students are no fools; they know there are limits in life. How often have I had this exchange with my kids at home:

• “What would you like for tea?” I say, trying to treat them like adults.
• Answer Alternative A:  “Pasta”.  Why? Because it is a risk-free choice
• Answer Alternative B: ” What is there?”  ie…. I’ll choose but you need to narrow down the parameters a bit. They’re hardly likely to request a trio of deconstructed Lamb pies with an asparagus couli!

This applies to learning too.  Sometimes your instinct is not to give any clues because you want to see what you get if students are left to their own devices.  This is the spirit of our Year 7 British Museum Project.  We hardly give any advice at all and we’re continually bowled over by what the students come up with. Take a look at the outcomes in that post.  However, truth be told, at the other end there is some pretty mediocre work.  In this ‘blind test’ some students don’t know what they are capable of and sell themselves short. They choose pasta.

So, should we really be offering an open choice – or is it better to start with a limited menu to get them started.  Thinking big is important but if ‘the sky’ is our aim .. students are going to need some idea of what that looks like in this lesson… and what might be a reasonable means of getting there.  That is a secret to a Great Lesson;  to set audacious goals – but to make them possible; to set each student an almighty challenge but to give them the confidence that it can be done and the tools to do it.

Now here is a paradox of sorts…if you give an example of how to do something, are you simultaneously limiting horizons?  Are we just doing a Blue Peter ‘make’ – here’s one I made earlier?

With this approach (which I have seen time and time again) we just get lots of the same thing made with varying degrees of accuracy.  There is no imagination or creativity required; not much thinking, just the capacity to follow the recipe. For example, I have seen too many KS3 ‘projects’ in the past that were just indistinguishable carbon copies;  and too many teachers happy that every student has ‘finished’ even though some students could and should have gone far, far, further but were never directed or enabled to do so.

On the other hand, if there is insufficient structure, time drifts as choices have to be considered; students find it inhibiting if they don’t know where to start and overly daunting and de-motivating if the thing they are told to aim at seems impossible; unattainable.  Not only that, a ‘free choice’ can also be to shoot too low; to under-achieve – to procrastinate with displacement activities (when document creation starts with extented font selection and WordArt instead of content, it sends me into orbit…)

One of my least treasured school-memories is of a particular homework composition task for Music O Level. We wrote our pieces and the teacher played them to the class on the piano.  Mine came up early and everybody laughed.  Why?  Because it was just awful.. boring, simple and very short.  Then came Sarah’s.  She’d written a fugue! A full-blown fugue; I kid you not. Now, the teacher had said to compose a piece using cadences and counterpoint…. I  had done that; but it was only about four bars long. I simply didn’t realise what the expectations were; what might be possible! We weren’t given any exemplars until afterwards. If only I’d heard Sarah’s fugue beforehand…I’d have aimed quite a bit higher!!

So, the resolution to this is simple: Show them! Show them what can be done and show them how.  This post is really about exemplars.  Not templates to be copied; absolutely not; I’m talking about examples that broaden horizons, set sights high and illustrate what real learning can look like in practice.  Great Lessons, often feature opportunities to illustrate model answers, interesting ideas, exemplary work in some dimension or other. In a visual or performance subject, this can be relatively straightforward – to literally show the work. Here, for example, is an exemplar from a Y12 student using Sibelius software for a music composition:

Here are examples of art work from various year groups:

The annual Art Exhibition is a useful show-case of student work that teachers and students and feed-off all year.

In Technology, again, just seeing the work of peers provides a strong sense of what is possible and what the standards are:

In other areas, showing the work is more complex but there are lots of ways of doing it. The routine use of visualisers that enable a whole class to see work in detail is really useful – and we have made sure that these are available throughout our school.  Here, for example, is my ipad set up as a visualiser – but we have others made from web-cams fitted into flexible angle-poise lamp stands.

An English Department colleague described how his Year 10 class were keen to look in detail at each other’s work using the visualiser so that they could see and discuss, in detail, what the possibilities were. This followed a process of self, peer and teacher evaluation of some early GCSE essays.

Sometimes it is helpful to use a bank of exemplars that are readily available in addition to the work that is being generated in the lesson itself.  This helps to show that other students – just like you –  have gone before you and that their work is there to emulate and surpass:

A new and unusual task can be daunting because of its unfamiliarity. This is an example of what is possible in the regular ‘3 minute sketch’ challenge in General Studies. To someone who’d never have thought of doing something like this, they get a big steer. A door unlocks.

And here are some regular homework tasks that the teachers thought had modeled high standards for others to follow. They served as material for further critique and discussion.

Effective peer critique methods have featured in recent posts by Alex Quigley and David Didau; it is really important that everyone can learn from the work of others and that the peer assessment has a positive impact. These posts are excellent.

So this is the essence of Great Teaching when we’re trying to set sights high.  Show some examples; show what can be done… but don’t let that ever be limiting; only enabling.  Always be on the look out for the next exemplars. I’ll finish with this one.  A set of Economics articles put together by our Y13 A level class has been generated to form an on-line magazine.  It has motivated them to produce some superb work; better than they’d been managing before…setting a standard for others to follow:

 

You can download the full Great Lessons series as a pdf here:

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